Genre Studies Unit- II Enlightenment

Unit- II

 Enlightenment

The roots of Neoclassicism lie in the Enlightenment. The underlying beliefs and principles of the enlightenment deeply influenced neoclassical writers.

The Enlightenment: History

  • The intellectual foundations of the Enlightenment were laid by the German philosophers Kant and Hegel

  • The French Enlightenment thinkers had a direct and mutual influence on the British

  • Newtonian science and Lockean philosophy influenced this new class of intellectuals in France, who were free thinkers in religion and radicals in politics.

  • They promoted the systematic application of reason to discover knowledge of human life. To improve human existence through the development of non-authoritarian social and political systems.

  • Enlightenment fuelled American and french revolutions

  • The term "Enlightenment" gained currency from the late 19th century.

The Enlightenment Philosophes

  • The philosophes were a heterogeneous mix of people who pursued a variety of intellectual interests, but United by a few common themes - Human beings are not perfect, desire to dispel wrong systems of thought (such as religion), dedication to systematizing the various intellectual disciplines.

  • Their rallying cry was  for Progress - Understanding "natural laws", Overcoming religious "ignorance", social/ political reform.

  • Another important idea was tolerance

The greatest human crimes have been perpetrated in the name of religion and the name of God.

A fair, just and productive society absolutely depends on religious tolerance.

Status of women during the Enlightenment

  • Women were financially and socially more independent in the Renaissance period than in the Augustan period.

  • A few women were beginning to write and engage in political and philosophical debates, but generally the status of women was seriously degraded.

  • Women were not given equality socially and intellectually

  • There were clearly divided public and private spaces, with women relegated to the private domesticity.

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